Load elevating apparatus



July 12, 1960v -A |=-.-R|c|-:|,\RDS f 2,944,633

LOAD ELEVATIG APPARATUS Filed sept. so.' i957 sshets-sneei 1 PHIL /P R/CHA RDS /N VEN TOR HUE'NER, BEEHLER 8 WRFEL TTO/PNEKS BMM 'July12,196o" m P. RICHARDS y 2,944,633

LOD ELEVATING APPARATUS V Filed Sept. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 July 12, 1960v P. RicHARDs LOAD ELEVATZING APPARATUS v5 sheets-sheet 5 1 Filed Sept. 130, 1957 United States PatCIlf O F 'Ihepresentinvention,relates to a 'load elevating tap.

paratusand moregparticularly to:s 11c h an apparatus for raising A`,and lowering loads along substantially lsu-aight paths. n engthe inventionhasspecial advantage .in enabling fthe lifting of loadsto increased heights, in relatien to the over-all .height ,of -the vapparatus when l.in .eollapsedor retracted condition, 4while .maintaining the loads in Constant predetermined attitudes.

vIndustrial Ytrucks for lifting, carrying, elevating, and

otherwise handling loads, have long been known-. yCon-A ventionally, they have included wheeled vehicles .mount` ing a pair -of endwardly extended lift forksrforY elevationally controlled-movement. A common means for mount;A ing the forks for this movement has, included@ :pair of Verect slide channelmembers supported in opposed,

right, spacedparallel relation on'the vehic1e, andajmova Ible Vvframe upwardly and .downwardly :relative tothe -ehan- .nel members. The channelmembers constrain ithe forks 4torectilinear movement. Y

It is necessary to make thetelescqpilng;slide,hars -and Ychannel members .of conventionallifting apparatnsof his `nature excessively, heavy becauseias-theLslide ha raised, the load onthe forks fexercises aeonti-nua increasing binding tir-shearing 'force on: the .slide bars4 with respect to f the channel members.- For ,this reason falso, `theslide bars .and channel members ,are. subject to.exces- -sive-andrapid wear.A Further, thechanneLmenibegSe .expensive torepair and/pr to replace because 4 of-the material` costs. .andr labor f involved. Thus, e onver;1ti.0na1 ft' :ing apparatusof the .characterdescribedgrnnst tllize heavier andgmore eirpensive ,structurahelem'llts'than de- 'sire d in order to withstandfthe shear ,-strlesvfses ginvo Tofachieverequisite sturdiness,.it;.has rbecome gene -accepted lthat therstructurernust be suehl thaft it bec,

Accordingly, it, is objectz fof;t the, present invention to provideandmproved, elevating apparatusiorgraising and loweringlloads in a substantially, straiglltph. .While maintaining the load in a predeterminedrattitude,

Y Another-object -is to,.fprovide ,an elevating, apparatus' capable of, lftipg 1oads toe1eyations more thaniwioatho height f such apparatus when fully retracted.

As will `V subsequently VYbecome ymore fully appan telescqpialli 2,944,633 Patented Joly 1 2, 1.960

2;Il Another ohootfis to provide a lightweiahtliitins ,ape patatas of the oharaatendosorihod. Another object is to provide a liftingapparatus whioh is durable and of high strength in relation to its" w o ig`hltf. 5 asoomparod with known dovioosofthetype- Another object is to minimize friction and vresaltar/,1t wear in elevating kapparatns such a s lforktrneks Aand like. t i a Another object is tov avoid the binding anls'hearing forces normally incurred irl oonvontionalorls".tlolfs which use telescopios .Slides for lifting load bearing tothe Another object is .to facilitate the @repair `arilqry placement of wearable vparte of load elov Another object is pm/ ide elw g the .ohataoter described whiohispart1u1ar1y suited to mounting on vehicles. i'

Otharobieotsare to provide a lifting apparatus whigh iS .economical to .ooustrilotand to .operatadepondabl' 'I1 oporation, .adapted to handle a Variety" of'loads; which is highly effective in raccomplishing its intended purpqse. These, Vtogether with other objects, will b eeorne ,more fully apparent upon referente- ,to the followinglde'slariation.'y o 1" f 111th@ drawings: Figi 1 .isa @idealer/tation of .ai 1 ..olavating apparatus ombodyingstho principles fof .thaprosoht lin .collapsed han.SpofihsA Position analfmglilfadf for portablity- 'A Y 30 Fig,- l 211s a yfragmeatari"Sida elovationof ,theelevatf ing apparatus and tr kof Fig. y,1 bxit'with the""' A his apparatus tilted into aaoporatingpositi SuPPffing forliatharoof lowa'ted .to .xaoivo @31.0% 011.`

Eig- ,13 is aside. elevation of the apparat-as in axpaatigo, loadfolovatingposition. Y iFig- 4 is ka .rear elevation of the elevating apparatus asmounted on thatraokofEigQZ-' ICC "haomaay' advantageousapploations togises which do net requiremobilitv i Invwsuh operationalenvironments, it may be mounted on any. silitable foundation ,'Ilie .truckzillustrated' providesa pairpf spaced front Y.wheels -1l,`a pair of spacedrearxvheelsjl12, and arsubstantially horizontal load rsupporting bled 13 having .a ,front .edge v`v14,. al rear. edge 15, and. a: of longitndinalsidewedgs '.16'. Vsupport-block 17. is` mounted-onfthebed adjaeenttoits frontedge. Y' Y' 'v Y Base brackets 20.. provide,-horizontal nanges e211 .rested securedv to the opposite ends of of the posts. Collars 34 are secured, as by welding, to the inside surfaces of the posts and are in circumscribing relation to the pivot rod at its outer ends.

An elongated lower pivot rod 40 is also transversely extended relative to the truck and has opposite ends mounted rearwardly in the vertical llanges 24 of the base brackets 20. Heads 41 are secured to the lower pivot rod outwardly of the vertical tia'nges. The lower rod is thus in rearwardly downwardly spaced parallel relation to the upper rod. Rigid braces 42 provide lower ends tted on the outer ends of the lower pivot rod adjacent to the vertical anges 24 and upper ends rigidly secured to the collars 34.

elongated, longitudinally extended, rigidmembers 49 having lower ends 50 and upwardly extended ends 51. A lower ground-engaging cross member 52 rigidly interconnects the lower ends of VVthe longitudinal members, and intermediate cross members 53 rigidly interconnect the longitudinal members between their upper and lower ends. It will of course be evident that if desired the members 49 may terminate at or above the level of the bed 13 and the lower ends 50 and cross member 52 be omitted entirely.

An elongated sleeve 60 is journaled on the upper pivot 'rod 32 between the collars 34. Elongated support arms 61'provide inner ends rigidly connected to opposite ends of the sleeve adjacent to the collars and outer ends 62 radially outwardly extended from the sleeve in a substantially common plane and in the same direction. The outer ends of the support arms are individually rigidly connected to the longitudinal members 49 ofthe mast 48 between the intermediate cross members '53 so that the support arms Vare substantially perpendicular to the mast. Elongated struts 63 rigidly interconnect the inner ends of the support arms and the longitudinal mast members adjacent to an intermediate cross member. f

Studs 68 .are extended individually through the longitudinal mast members 49 transversely of the vehicle 10 and generally parallel with the upper and lower pivot rods 32 and 40.V Heads 69 are securedto'opposite ends of the studs, and a collar 70 is provided on each of the studs.

l A pair of ltilt control rams 76 is provided each including a lower tubular portion journaled on an end of the lower pivot rod 40, a cylinder 78 secured to its respective tubular portion and radially extended therefrom, and a piston rod 79 mounted inits respective cylinder for longitudinal reciprocal movement. vide upper ends individually. pivotally fitted on the studs 68 between the inwardly disposed heads 69 and the collars 70. Bushings 80 are interposed the tubular portions of the rams and the respectively adjacent braces 42,

and an elongated tubular spacer 81 is fitted on the lower pivot`rod between the tubular portions. As described thus far, it will be evident that when the tilt rams are extended, the mast 48 is elevationally pivoted on the upper pivot rod 32 into a substantially horizontal position. When the tilt rams are contracted, the mast is pivoted into -a substantially vertical position with its lower end 50 extended downwardly from the rear edge 15 of the truck bed 13 so that the lower cross member 52 is in ground engagement.

Pairs of elongated, rigid, mounting links or side members v86 are provided on opposite sides of the mast 48 and have mast ends 87 individually pivotally connected in longitudinally spaced relation to the upper ends 51 of `links. Heads 89, are provided on both ends of the pins;

washers 90 are interposed the inner heads and the mast;

tudinal members between such members and the mounting links. It is to be noted that tirelinksv are `tlrtev rebydis- The piston rods proi' Athe longitudinal mast members 49. For this purpose,

' andspacing bosses 91 protrude outwardlyfrom the longi- 'f posed outwardly of the mast in substantially parallel vertical planes, which planes are substantially coincident with the longitudinal side edges 16 of the truck 10. Further, it is to be noted that the mast ends of each pair of links are spaced substantially the same distance apart, that the pivot pins are parallel to each other and to the pivot rods 32 and v40, that the uppermost pivot pins are in coaxial alignment, and that the lowermost pivot pins are also in coaxial alignment. The mounting links further provide hinge ends 92, oppositely extended from the mast ends, and having outwardly disposed bosses 93.

An elongated, substantially cylindrical, upper hinge Y member 98 is transversely extended between the upper A substantially rectangular mast 48 includes a pair of mounting links 86 of each pair of links and provides opposite ends rotatably extended through the hinge ends 92 of the mounting links. Heads 99 are provided on the outwardly extended ends of the hinge member. Further, a lower hinge member 100 is extended between the lower mounting links of each pair and through their hinge ends in substantially parallel relation to the upper hinge member. Likewise, heads 101 are connected to the outer ends of the lower hinge member. Upright rigid hinge connecting bars or intermediate end members 103 provide upper and lower ends respectively rigidly connected to the upper and lower hinge members adjacent to the hinge ends of the mounting links. The hinge connecting bars are thus in spaced parallel relation to each other and to the longitudinal members '49 of the mast 48.

An auxiliary support frame or bracket 166 includes an upper axle 109 parallel to the hinge member 9S and having opposite ends rotatably journaled in the upper mounting links 86 of each pair of links.` Further, a lower axle 110 extends between the lowerV links 86 of each pair and has opposite ends rotatably journaled therein. The auxiliary frame also provides a pair of laterally spaced pulley mounting booms 111 rigidly transversely interconnecting the opposite ends of the upper and lower axles 109 and 110 but spaced inwardly of the pairs of mounting links. The booms are in substantially vertical positions parallel to the hinge connecting bars 193 and the mast members 49. A pair of laterally spaced ram connecting beams 112 also rigidly interconnect the axles intermediate their ends and extend upwardly in parallel relation to the booms. The beams and the booms all have rearwardly curved upper end portions.

Laterally spaced pairs of upper and lower load carri ing links provide hinge ends 121 individually pivotally' connected to the opposite ends of the upper and lower axles -109 and 110 outwardly of the mounting links 86 but inside of the heads 99 and 161. Washers 122 are tted on the ends of the hinge members betweenY the load carrying links and the mounting links so-as to locate each pair of load carrying links vin a vertical plane laterally outwardly spaced from the vertical plane of the mounting links on `their respective sides of the vehicle 1t). It is also to be observed, in Fig. 4 in particular, that whereas the vertical planes ofthe mounting links are substantially coincident with theV side edges 16 of the bed 13, the planes of the load carrying links are spaced laterally outwardly of said side edges. The carrying links have carrying ends 123 respectively pivotally interconnected by en d connecting bars or members 124. These bars space the carrying ends of the links 120 the same distance apart as the hinge ends 121 and the mast ends 97.l Further, the

connecting bars are parallel to the hinge bars 103 and the longitudinal members 49 of the mast 4S. s Freferabl'y, the pivotal connectionof the bars 124 to the links 12) is etected by pins 12S secured to the links and outwardly extended therethrough the bars. Heads `126 are provided on the pinsgon their opposite ends, and washers V127 are interposed the outer heads and the bars and also between the links andthebars. y y

. From the foregoing, it will be evident that the mounting links 8 6, the mast members 49,'and the hinge bars substantially vertical.

members 216 provide lower ends individually pivotally connected to the hinge ends of the lower mounting links by pins 218` and intermediate portions pivotally connected tothe hinge ends ofthe upper mounting links by pins 217. The mounting links, the portion of the mast between the mounting links, and the portion of the hinge connecting the bars between 'the mounting links constitute a primary parallelogram frame `220.

Pairs of elongated rigid load carrying links or side members 225 provide hinge ends 226 individually pivoally connected to the intermediate and upper end portions of the hinge connecting bars. The hinge ends of the lower load carrying links are pivotally connected to the pins 217 outwardly of the upper mounting links, and the hinge ends of the upper load carrying links are pivotally 216 between'the load carrying links, and the rod connecting link 236 constitute a secondary parallelogram frame 245. Y

An upper arcuate boom or bracket 250 provides a lower end '251 rigidly secured to the hinge connecting bars 216 and an upper rearwardly extended end 252 terminating adjacent to the load ends 228 of the load carrying links 225. A pair of pulleys or sheaves 253 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the boom on a hori-V zontal axle member 254.

An elongated lift ram 260 provides a cylinder 261 having a lower end pivotally connected to the base 200 by means ofl a horizontal pin 262. It will be evident that the ram optionally may be connected to p-in 203, ifv

desired. The ram also has a reciprocating piston rod 263 having an upper end pivotally connected to the upper end 252 of the boom 250. A lug 265 is secured, as by welding, to the forward side of the cylinder, and eyebolts 266 are screw-threaded downwardly through the lug. Nuts 267 are screw-threaded on the lower ends of the eyebolts; and cables 268 have lower ends individually connected to the eyebolts 266, opposite ends individually connected to the eyebolts 240, and intermediate portions trained over the pulleys 253.

Operation of the second form v The operation of the second form of the subject invention is quite similar to the iirst form, described above. With the apparatus in collapsed condition, as shown in dashed lines in Fig. 5, the tilt ram 205 is expanded or contracted to vary the angle of the mast 201 with respect to the base 200. Preferably, the mast isV positioned so that the lift forks 238 are substantially horizontal.

The lift ram 260 is then expanded to apply upward force on the end 252 of the boom 254B. This pivots the v primary parallelogram frame 220 around the pins 212 and 2M inasmuch as the upward force of the ram is applied through the boom 250l to the hinge end of the primary parallelogram frame.

As the lift ram 260 raises the boom 250, the pulleys 253 raise the lift forks 239 through the cables 26S. Inasmuch as the lift forks are a part of the secondary parallelogram frame 245, the latter is pivoted around its hinge end 226 in an upward arc. As with the first form of the invention, the pivoting arcs of theV primary and secondary parallelogram frames are substantially equal and opposite so that the resultant path of the lift forks is the invention, it will be evident that the primary lifting force represented by the hydraulic rams and 260 may be applied in a variety of places. Generally, however, this force must be applied to the secondary parallelogram frame 126 or 24S or some member rigidly associated with the secondary parallelogram frame. PIhe advantage of applying the lifting force adjacent to the hinge ends of the rams, as in the first form of the invention, is that a shorter stroke of the ram maybe utilized to effect full expansion of the frames.V However, inasmuch as the secondary parallelogram frame must bear a greater portion of the load, the materials employed must have greater strength. In contrast where the lifting force is applied closer to the load end of the secondary parallelograrn frame, the stroke of the ram must be greater Vto achieve the heights desired. In this instance, however, less of the load Ais borne by the links of the parallelogram frame while more of the load is imposed on the ram. Accordingly, with the second form of the invention, lighter materials-can be utilized for the parallelogram frames.

in commercial embodiments of the subject invention, the lifting apparatus Weighs only approximately 400 pounds as compared to one ton for lifting apparatus of the prior art employing the above described slide members. When mounted on a vehicle 1t), the lifting apparatus is approximately 8 feet wide. Further, such commercial embodimentY provides a mast whichis approximately l5 feet high and is constructed to move the platform 143, on the forks 238, to a height of approximately 30 feet. For highway travel, with the mast reclined, the maximum height is approximately `l0 feet. The apparatus has been found useful for the usual tasks of industrial trucks and similar lifting apparatus, in well rigs, for telephone and power line work, and the like. The load supporting means could take the form of a pair of lifting forks, a grain hopper, a cement bucket, or various other devices in place of the platform. It is therefore readily apparent that the lifting apparatus of the subject invention not only is highly effective in operation but also is adapted for a wide variety of uses.

Although the invention has been herein shown and described in what is conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is recognized that departures may bemade therefrom within the scope ofthe invention, which is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent devices and apparatus. y

Having described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. An elevating apparatus comprising a base, a mast Vmounted in a substantially erect position on the base, a first pair of elevationally spaced links pivotally mounted on the mast and laterally extended therefrom, an end member pivotally interconnecting the links in substantially parallel relation for movement of the links relative thereto about substantially horizontal axes lying ina substantially erect plane,'a secondV pair of Velevationally spaced links pivotally connected to the end member and laterally extended therefrom tothe same side thereof as the mast, load support means having a substantially erect Vportion pivotally interconnecting the extended ends of the second pair of spaced links with the links in substantially parallel relation, said links being elevationally pivotal about substantially horizontal axes lying in a substantially erect plane parallel to said plane of theaxesof the eind member, a sheave, means mounting ,the sheave cn the first links in elevationally spaced relation thereabove, a iiexible tension member extended over the sheave having an end connected tothe second linksrand an opposite end anchored in fixed relation to the mast,

' and means for controllably raising and Vlowering the Having considered both the `first and second forms ofi 75 sheave. l fr 2. A lifting apparatus comprising a'base; aY mast upelongated, transversely spaced, substantially parallel side members having mounted ends individually pivotally connected to the first end member in transversely spaced relation to each other for elevational pivotal movement about substantially horizontal axes and having oppositely extended ends; an intermediate end member pivotally interconnecting the extended ends of the first pair of side members; a second pair of elongated, transversely spaced, substantially parallel side members having mounted ends individually pivotally connected to the intermediate end member in transversely spaced relation to each other for elevational pivotal movement and opposite ends outwardly extended on the same side of the intermediate end member as the rst side member; a second end member pivotally interconnecting the extended ends of the second pair of side members, the pivot axes of all of the end and side members being in substantially parallel relationship to each other, the first and second end membersbeing substantially parallel to each other and to the intermediate end member,'the first end member, the rst side members and the intermediate member constituting a irst parallelogram frame, and the second end member, the second side members and the intermediate member constituting a second parallelogram frame whereby the intermediate end member is common to both frames; means connected to both of said frames for correspondingly raising and lowering the first side members relative to the tirst end member and the second side members relative to the intermediate end member thereby eleva tionally to move the second end member in a substantially rectilinear path, said raising and lowering means including a bracket mounted on the first frame, a sheave rotatably mounted on the bracket and positioned between the intermediate end member and the irst end member,

flexible tension means extended over the sheave having an' end operably connected to the second frame and an opposite end anchored in substantially iixed relation to the support, and extendible and retractable powered means mounted on the support and connected tothe bracket for raising and lowering the bracket with respect to the support correspondingly to raise and lower the sheave.

7. The elevating apparatus of claim l wherein the raising and lowering means is an hydraulic ram having opposite end portions slidably interiitted for expansion and contraction and respectively pivotally connected to the base and to the first frame for elevationally moving the first frame incident to said expansion and contraction.

8. In a lifting apparatus comprising a base; a mast mounted on the base and upwardly extended therefrom; laterally spaced pairs of elongated, longitudinally rigid, upper and lower mounting links having mast ends re spectively pivotally connected to the mast with the links of each pair in substantially equally vertically spaced relation, and oppositely extended hinge ends; laterally spaced pairs ot elongated, longitudinally rigid, upper and lower load carrying links of substantially the same length as the mounting links and having hinge ends and oppositely extended carrying ends; means individually pivotally interconnecting the hinge ends of the mounting and load carrying links with the ends of each pair of links vertically spaced substantially the same distance apart as the pivotal connections of the mounting links on the mast, the mounting links being supported on the mast for elevationally pivotal movement around substantially horizontal axes and in substantially vertical planes, the load carrying links being connected to the mounting links for elevational pivotal movement around substantially horizontal axes and in substantially vertical planes laterally spaced with respect to the planes of the mounting links, both the mounting links and the carrying links being extended from said hinge ends toward the mast; rigidV end bars individually pivotally interconnecting the carrying ends of each pair of carrying links in substantially parallel relation to the mast and spacing said carrying ends substantially the same distance apartes said pivotal,

connections of the mounting links on the mast; load supporting means connected to the carrying ends of the carrying links; rst means connected to the mounting vlinks for elevationally adjusting such links thereby to move the hinge ends in a substantially vertical arcuate path; second means connected to the load carrying links and to said first means operable incident'to elevational movement ofthe mounting links for correspondingly moving said carrying ends simultaneously with said hinge ends and in an arcuate path curved oppositely relative to said path of the hinge ends whereby the load supporting means is elevationally adjusted in a substantially straight line, said first and second means including a sheave, means rotatably mounting the sheave on the mounting links for rotation about an axis substantially parallel to said horizontal axes, an elongated flexible cable trained over the sheave having an end connected to the base and an opposite end connected to one of the load carrying links, and an hydraulic ram adapted for extension and retraction and having opposite end portions respectively pivotally connected to the base and to the mounting links for elevationally moving the hinge ends of the mounting links relative to the mast, the cable being thereby elevationally moved by the sheave for elevationally moving the extended ends of the load carrying links with respect to their hinge ends and at a velocity substantially equal to the velocity of movement of the hinge ends of the mounting links.

9. In an elevating apparatus, a support; a lrst end member rigidly mounted on the support; a first pair of elongated, transversely spaced, substantially parallel side members having mounted ends individually pivotally connected to the first end member in transversely spaced relation to each other for elevational pivotal movement about substantially horizontal axes and having oppositely extended ends; an intermediate end member pivotally interconnecting the extended ends of the first pair of side members; a second pair of elongated, transversely spaced, substantially parallel side members having mounted ends individually pivotally connected to the intermediate end member in transversely spaced relation to each other for elevationalpivotal movement and opposite ends outwardly extended on the same side of the intermediate end member as the first side member; a second end member pivotally interconnecting the extended ends of the second pair of side members, the pivot axes of all of the end and side members being in substantially parallel relationship to each other, the first and second end members being substantially parallel to each other and to the intermediate end member, the tirst end member, the first side members and the intermediate member constituting a rst parallelogram frame, and the second end member, the'second side members and the intermediate'member constituting a second parallelogram frame whereby the intermediate end member is common to both frames; means connected to both of said frames for correspondingly raising and lowering the first side members relative to the first end member and the second side members relative to the intermediate end member thereby elevationally to move the second end member in a substantially rectilinear path, said raising and lowering means include an auxiliary member connected to the first frame, powered means connected to the auxiliaryY member for elevationally moving the first frame thereby to move the extended ends of the first pair of side members in a substantially vertical arcuate path, an elongated exible member having an end portion connected to the second frame and an opposite end portion connected to the support, Vand means borne by the auxiliary member engaging the flexible member intermediate its end portions for raising and lowering, through the exible member, the outwardly extended ends of the second side members in a substantially vertical arcuate path curved oppositely relative to the path of the extended ends of the first sidermembers and about their re- 13 spective pivotal connections to the intermediate end mem ber whereby the second end member travels elevationally in a substantially rectilinear path.

10. An elevating apparatus comprising a base; a pair of paralleogram frames each having opposite end members and opposite side members, the side members of the frames being of substantially the same length and being pivotally connected to the end members of their respective fra-mes for skewing of the frames about substantially horizontal axes, the frames having a'common end member with the side members of the frames extended to the same side of the common end member,

and the fra-mes also having substantially parallel opposite end members; means mounting one of said opposite end members on the base; load supporting means borne by the other of said opposite end members; a sheave mounted on the frame which is mounted on the base in spaced relation to said opposite end member thereof; a cable having one end' anchored in substantially xed relation to the base extended over the sheave, and connected -to the frame which is mounted on the base; and powered means operably associated with the frame which mounts the sheave skewable to raise and to lower 5 the same whereby the cable and sheave imparts corresponding elevational skewing movement to the other frame so that the load support means is elevationally adjusted in a substantially straight line.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 521,256 Browne June 12, 1894 2,349,353 Johnson May 23, 1944 2,411,966 Hogan Dec. 3, 1946 2,500,815 Gerli Mar. 14, 1950- 2,672,377 Werner Mar. 16, 1954 2,674,500 Hukari Apr.,6, 1954 2,707,063 Gran Apr. 26, 1955 2,849,132 Clarke Aug. 26, 1958 

